The concept of evolution in biology

In 1858 a biologist named Charles Darwin (1809-1882) gave a lecture sponsored by the Linnean Society in London, and a year later was published his book The Origin of Species in 1859. Establishment posed in lecture and the book is that all forms and types of creatures that live there now exist in the world, with affected by various natural processes, evolve or grow very slowly from the forms is very simple, one-celled creature into several new, more complex types. New types of creatures, each also evolved into new species into an increasingly complex, so that takes a very long time. But who knows in the 1700s the development of biological sciences in Europe and America in fact dominated by science theory of natural theology. This is precisely contrary to the concept of the theory proposed by Charles Darwin. Broadly speaking, scientific theories of natural theology is a philosophy which aims to discover God's plan by studying nature, so do the classification of species of natural theology to express the level of the scale of life created by god.

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) that we know as the father of taxonomy. Linnaeus developed the binomial system (the system of classification of living things) that are still used today for the naming of organism on the basis of genus and species. Linnaeus also adopted a system for classifying similar species into a particular category of tiered levels. So that for Linnaeus, grouping similar species together showed no evolution of a relationship. Back to the concept of Darwinian evolution, the laity in western Europe initially very opposed to this establishment, and although already there are numerous papers on the historical process of evolution of human society at the time , but the idea of evolution of living species can not be accepted. That's because in the mid-19th century in Europe there is a generation and re-tightening of religious life, and ideas like the idea that Darwin considered the ideas that conflict with the infidel religious belief which says that all kinds of creatures in the world (including human ), is the result of God's creation are absolute. Except that the idea that humans and apes are descended from a creature the same, even that man is a monkey, an idea that is too difficult for lay people to accept.

In addition there is also Charles Darwin's other biologists, namely A. Wallace (1823-1913), independently of Darwin had developed the idea of evolution beings in the same world, although more expanded Wallace about the process of natural selection in determining the physical form of a new species in the evolutionary process. Darwinian natural selection, only mention about it in passing and in his lecture. Basically there is no difference between theory concerning the processes of biological evolution from these two experts and both are of the opinion that among the individuals within one species there is always a small difference. Some individuals are vulnerable less able to withstand the pressures of nature, and off, whereas individuals who are stronger can survive and live straight, gave birth to offspring and pass on their properties had been strong for some of his descendants. In the next generation of this process over and over again, and so on. According to Wallace, the more cruel and harsh natural pressure, the higher the quality is a requirement for an individual organism within a species at a certain generation, and if the natural state of change, then only individuals of a species that has the properties can survive to live. And this is by Darwin and Wallace have called "natural selection".