Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei is the one who gave large donations in the development of astronomy in medieval and he is an Italian nationality. He was born in Pisa in 1564. Just as Copernicus, Tycho and Kepler (formerly scientist), he also initially entered the school with the intention of Medicine so he could find enough money. Unfortunately he did not pay attention enough to learn it. He immediately turned the prow turned to study Mathematics. He became a champion in its class, the most intelligent children, so she was given the title of champion. In 1589, at a young age is the age of 25 years, he had been appointed professor in the Mathematics course. Immediately after assuming office, he became the enemy of his friends due to disagreements of opinion about the science concepts that are still using the old doctrine Aristotle's teachings. Galileo expressly said that almost all the teachings of Aristotle that seemed science-seems to be right, actually, is wrong. Like the laws of motion which proved itself, ie if two objects are small and the other a large, together dropped from a high tower, then both will get to the ground at the same time. This is contrary to the opinion of Aristotle and his friends. They argue that the first up was the smallest objects. He encountered opposition among his friends cause he was forced to continually removed from office a new three-year he became a chief, namely in the year 1592. And she immediately got a better position at the University of Padua. Where did he work harder and create a more productive career. In a graduate of Mathematics of the most brilliant and famous throughout Europe at that time. But the changes that the holding of a sudden a lot of his friends are challenged by the more so those who already have a good name so he immediately got more enemies. In 1608, Hans Lippershey, a Dutch nationality, which makes sunglasses possible to make a telescope. Children Lippershey glasses would fool with the road by chance develop lenses and see clearly with a bright and smooth the feathers that once on the cock feather.

News of the discovery of the basics of binoculars is finally up to Galileo, he immediately fix it, good size, location and type of lens. He put it into a long tube. He succeeded in installing a small telescope after struggling arranged. Telescope was able to raise three times. This is the first telescope in the world. Then he finally managed to fix it again and enlarge the image in a telescope 30 times. All night with the telescope that Galileo binoculars Kea red stars in the sky around the place at the University of Padua. With great wonder and amazement absurdly he looked toward the venus, the moon, Mercury, Jupiter and others. Many new stars who have never seen humans before appearing among the smaller stars. When he looked toward the moon, how sad, he sees the world one again. This month during which he saw as beautiful celestial body was now seen as a celestial body that is full of holes, like the craters of volcanoes, plateaus, and he saw she also saw the sea. When he directed his telescope toward Venus, then he saw it as a crescent. After months of observation he entered so he can ensure that Venus was exactly like the moon, has phases like the moon crescent, half moon, full moon, then go back to shrink and so on. It's just the turn of the stages of the process at Venus is much slower. On one night in January 1610, Galileo saw small stars around Jupiter. Interested in the little stars never seen by man before his focus and learn. Three little star next to Jupiter and another next to another planet. The next day he saw the three as well, but the location is different from the night before. Now all three were just tasteless side. The following evening viewed not three but has already four. From his observations, he knew that the little stars that revolve around the planet see Jupiter which is sometimes hidden by the planet and then reappear. The stars were a number of four satellites, as well as the earth has one satellite that month.

In the first, seventh day there is a once in three days, some once in the last 7 days and once in 16 days to play. With clear knowledge, that all the planets and the sun is not around the earth, but on the contrary, all the planets including the earth revolved around the sun. Each satellite from the planet is not like an opinion of Aristotle and Ptolemy, who said that bumilah which became the center of the universe. Thus Galileo fully accept the opinion expressed by Copernicus who said that the sun as the center of circulation. The discovery of Galileo is causing uproar in the entire European continent, especially from the Catholic Church and Protestant parties. At that time the accepted theory is that Ptolemy's theory in accordance with the Bible. Opinion Ptolemy became the ruler of opinion. Anyone whose opinion does not comply with these opinions mean he anti-religion, anti-Biblical or anti Ruler. Thus, anti-God and therefore can dihukuk dead. Opinions that deviate from the provisions that would endanger the ruling and can invite others to challenge religion. Not surprisingly the Galileo opinion caused a strong reaction from the Church. Opinions about the planets round the sun, Venus berphase-phase-phase or phases like the moon, Jupiter has four months of tumultuous public opinion throughout Europe. There was one who received full opinion of Copernicus's theory, named Giordano Bruno. In fact he was more advanced again. He said that all the stars is a sun, too, has the planets and the planets it has a satellite. Opinion was disseminated throughout Europe are active. Bruno is the head of the propaganda of an orthodox religious sect. Giordano Bruno was originally a monk from a Catholic institution. But because too much so he was forced to challenge the regulations issued. Since then more and Be free to challenge what he thought was not true. His friends and the crowds have been advising him not to go to Venice, because the danger to their safety. But because he's basically like fighting he ignored the advice of his friends. As a result, there he was arrested and secured. Then he was sentenced to death with a strapped on a milestone and then doused with boiling asphalt countryman and then burnt. When Galileo finally reached ri opinion of Rome, the pope ordered that his people should not fight because meladeninya could turn into a propaganda tool for challenging the opinion of the pope or the church. Books Copernicus circulated his friends have been banned from circulation and confiscation. Galileo was a devout religious adherents, but for him with questions about other religions Astronomy. In 1623 a friend who likes to listen to his way of thinking was elected pope. Galileo immediately went to Rome and held a discussion with the pope and intends to publish a book. Pope did not agree, especially with publicly disclose its contents are contrary to religious teachings. Pope personally not very challenging, but because of his position as head of the Church is not eligible for support and of course must be opposed. Finally, the book was also published entitled "The dialogue on the two chief systems of the world."

In it, there are three speakers, namely that the first named Salvatieos who represent followers of Copernicus, speak according to Galileo's own way of thinking. The second was as a person who was not impartial, neutral, named Sagredo, who asked the question, was the third named simplicius as a speaker representing the opinions of Aristotle and Ptolemy. They are the parties who were hostile to Galileo. Short said there was a conversation between two conflicting groups. From every conversation released by simplicius or when answering questions posed to him, it sounds stupid and unreasonable, causing annoyance and a laughingstock for any reader of the book. Galileo had a clear intention is satirical rulers and scholars who supported the opinion of Ptolemy. The book was printed in the year 1632 completed. In that year the people of Europe are still a lot of illiterate, but even so the book quickly sold out entirely. Thus, news about Galileo's new theory that conflicted with the opinion of the church, spread out in all directions. Old opinion is the opinion of the Bible can not be bargained. Who would deny it is to deny the Bible or damage the public trust. With the release of the book, the scholars and scholars as if a great slap and do all acts immediately to respond. Pope was not personally offended, but because the maid who feel very unhappy person and behavior towards Galileo, especially from friends and bishops along with professors from the University of Pisa and Padua, hence taken steps to catch Galileo. Galileo at that time already 70 years old and in sickness. Immediately he was taken from his bed and then transported to Rome and brought to court within the sacred court. Inside the court ordered Galileo to create questions that Jupiter does not have a month or satellite. He used his telescope to observe the star is already used telescope useless. Venus does not have phases like the moon and the earth did not mengitarai sun. Instead the planets, the sun and all the stars around the earth. Earth is the center of circulation, not the sun. In addition, Galileo was obliged to apologize and as a religion should be obedient to God and to obey the pope as the representative of God on Earth. If not, the court would impose severe punishment to him. But what Galileo was the unexpected reply from the followers of siding, as with pointed and loudly she said, such as: "... ... .. although I am forced to say the confession is not true, but I still say that (lifting his right leg and dropped to the floor) is now being earth round the sun .... "Due to the obstinacy of Galileo he was sentenced. Many people argue that he was sentenced to death. But their assumption is not true. The truth is the law of Galileo's life in a cage in her own home. Here he was to the end writing dynamics theories and put some basic science. The books of Copernicus was eliminated, as the building Uraneberg observations founded by Tycho Brahe had been destroyed by the surrounding farmers, because of fear that there is a ghost interference from other building other than that, Johannes Kepler died in poverty and Galileo Galilei as a successor to the teachings of Copernicus has been sentenced to life imprisonment. But one thing that can not be prevented and that survives the ideas of truth that grows in the conscience of the readers and their thoughts are given to someone else later will be a fair defense. Those who have sacrificed bound and doused with oil and then